Pathophysiology II Final 2 of 3

Developed by: Becky

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Question 1: Beta amyloid protein is a key constituent of a "feature" found in most Alzheimer's patients:

	Neuritic plaques
	Nurofibrillary tangles
	None of the above
	Nutritional deficiencies
	Tau protein

Question 2: Neurofibrillary tangles are the most often found in particular areas of the CNS such as the:

	None of the above
	Hippocampus
	Basal ganglia
	Some of the above
	Hypothalamus

Question 3: Tau protein is a structural support protein for the intracellular structures known as the:

	None of the above
	Golgi apparatus
	Mitochondria
	Microtubules
	Endoplasmic reticulum (rough)

Question 4: The presence of Alzheimer's dementia is noted in part by decreases in various cognitive abilities such as:

	All of the above
	Recognition of people/places
	Some of the above
	Memory, particularly short-term
	Vocabulary/words

Question 5: Non-vegetative signs of depression include:

	All of the above
	Hopelessness
	Sadness
	Some of the above
	Feelings of guilt

Question 6: Exogenous depression can be caused by/is related to:

	The loss of a close family friend/family member/spouse/child
	Some of the above
	Mental/emotional/sexual abuse as a child
	All of the above
	A major, life-threatening health crisis

Question 7: A bipolar disease "rapid cycler" has cycles that last less than:

	15 days
	30 days
	90 days
	180 days
	1 year

Question 8: Psychosis is though to be at least partially the result of too much dopaminergic activity at/in the:

	Hypothalamus
	Cingulate gyrus
	Cerebellum
	None of the above
	Some of the above

Question 9: Which of the following organs/tissues is/are acted upon by PTH but not by calcitonin in the regulation of Ca++ levels?

	None of the above
	Some of the above
	Kidneys
	GI tract
	Bone

Question 10: In regards to Ca++ regulation, RANK is located in:

	The anterior pituary cells
	Kidney juxtaglomerular cells
	None of the above
	GI mucosal cells
	Some of the above

Question 11: In what organ does PTH work to convert calcifediol to calcitriol?

	Kidney
	GI tract
	Liver
	Bone
	None of the above

Question 12: For a person to be diagnosed with "induction insomnia" they need to be consistently not fall asleep within:

	10 min
	30 min
	20 min
	5 min
	1 hour

Question 13: Historically, the way that we got an insomniac to "sleep" was to increase the activity/influence of:

	Serotonergic 5-HT1 receptors
	Central cholinergic nicotinic receptors
	Central alpha adrenergic receptors
	None of the above
	GABAa receptors

Question 14: During a "normal" nights sleep, when does the majority of the "REM sleep" occur?

	Middle 50%
	First 25%
	Last 25%
	Within the first 10 minutes after falling asleep
	REM is evenly distributed throughout the duration of sleep

Question 15: Older hypnotic drugs do not cause a true sleep, but rather a "sleep-like" state (hypnotic). in this state one stage of the normal sleep pattern is lengthened at the expense of all the others. This stage is:

	Four
	Two
	Zero
	None of the above
	REM

Question 16: BDZ receptors are located upon certain varieties of the receptor for:

	Acetylcholine
	GABA
	Dopamine
	Serotonin
	Norepinephrine

Question 17: "Powder burn" spots are associated with:

	Endometriosis
	Secondary dysmenorrhea
	Amenorrhea
	None of the above
	PCOS

Question 18: What features of a female's breast are stimulated to grow/develop by progesterone?

	The ductal system
	Nipple and areolar area
	None of the above
	Blood vessels and other supportive structures
	Mammary alveolar tissue/secretory structures

Question 19: In which area of the hypothalamus is estrogen a negative feedback inhibitor of LHRH?

	Arcuate nucleus
	Paraventricular nucleus
	Some of the above
	Supraoptic nucleus
	None of the above

Question 20: A dysfunction of estrogen activity in either of the nuclei mentioned in the previous question could lead to:

	None of the above
	Some of the above
	Infertility
	Endometriosis
	Increased vaginal secretions

Question 21: What is the major source of estrogen in a non-pregnant female?

	The developing, "Graafian" follicle
	The anterior pituitary
	None of the above
	The adrenal glands
	The placenta

Question 22: Following ovulation female progesterone levels rise because of increased synthesis/secretion by the:

	None of the above
	Adrenal reticularis
	Glandular cells of the breast
	The chorion layer of the endometrium
	Stratum granulosum tissue in the corpus luteum

Question 23: Among progesterone's actions is/are:

	Endometrial glandular development
	Some of the above
	A thermogenic action
	All of the above
	Stimulation of glandular development in the breast

Question 24: Symptoms of endometriosis may include:

	Some of the above
	Abdominal pain, cramping particularly during periods
	All of the above
	Increased body temperature of about 1*F
	"heavy" uterine bleeding during periods

Question 25: Insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia is a sign/symptom of:

	Polycystic ovarian disease
	None of the above
	Primary dysmenorrhea
	Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
	Endometriosis

Question 26: A female who is developing PCOS may experience:

	Weight gain
	Hair growth/hirsutism
	Some of the above
	Heavier than normal menstrual flow
	All of the above

Question 27: Excessive amounts of uterine prostaglandin F is the cause of:

	Endometriosis
	PCOS
	Some of the above
	Leiomyomas (fibroids)
	None of the above

Question 28: One cause of PID is infection. Among the infectious agents with a strong association to this condition we include:

	Chlamydia
	None of the above
	Syphilis
	Some of the above
	HPV

Question 29: Inhibition of PDE5 is a possible therapy for:

	BPH
	Primary dysmenorrhea
	None of the above
	Erectile dysfunction
	Varicocele

Question 30: A lack of fetal androgen causes which embryonic ductal system to deteriorate?

	None of the above
	Some of the above
	Fallopian
	Mullerian
	Wolffian

Question 31: When we speak of an androgen's "anabolic actions" we include:

	Some of the above
	All of the above
	Increased erythropoiesis
	Prostatic development
	Skeletal muscle growth and development

Question 32: The most common cause of juvenile testicular failure is:

	None of the above
	Kallman's syndrome
	Varicocele
	Orchitis
	Cryptorchidism

Question 33: Which bacterium/virus is most commonly associated with orchitis?

	E. coli
	Mumps
	None of the above
	Streptococcus
	Rubella

Question 34: Target tissues (in males) with dihydrotestosterone specific receptors include:

	Skeletal muscle
	Prostate
	Larynx
	Some of the above
	All of the above

Question 35: "Chocolate cysts" result from endometrial tissue growing in/on the:

	Perotoneal wall
	Ovary
	Uterine muscle
	Cervix/vagina
	None of the above

Question 36: Neurogenic bladder can be caused by neuropathies like diabetes mellitus, but more often it is due to:

	CNS lesions
	Stress
	Acute infection
	None of the above
	Kidney stones

Question 37: An Ag/Ab relation in the kidney is commonly associated with the cause of:

	Glomerulonephritis
	Cystitis
	None of the above
	Pyelonephritis
	Kidney stones

Question 38: Women are more prone to cystitis because:

	Estrogen tends to stimulate bacterial flora in/around the lower pelvic region
	Some of the above
	The lack prostate antibiotic factor
	All of the above
	Of their anatomy; ie. a shorter urethra

Question 39: Which secretion(s) of the adrenal gland is/are "pituitary independent"?

	Epinephrine
	Some of the above
	Aldosterone
	None of the above
	Cortisol

Question 40: The zona reticularis secretes:

	Testosterone
	Aldosterone
	Any of the above
	None of the above
	Cortisol

Question 41: What adrenal pathology can be caused by an oat cell carcinoma?

	Addison's disease
	Cushing's disease
	CAH
	Conn's syndrome
	Grave's disease

Question 42: Luckily, the form of CAH that is the most fatal is also the least prevalent. This form results from a loack of:

	All of the above are equal in prevalence
	3-beta-hydroxylase
	11-beta-hydroxylase
	21-beta hydroxylase
	None of the above is fatal

Question 43: An increase in glucocorticoids whether endogenous or exogenous) will cause an increase in:

	All of the above
	PH
	Amount/volume of acid secretion
	Some of the above
	Amount/volume of pepsin secretion

Question 44: Which of the following inflammation/repair parameters decreases in a patient with Cushing's Disease?

	Granulocyte diapedesis activity
	All of the above
	Some of the above
	Number of fibroblasts
	White cell phagocytic activity

Question 45: The two major symptoms that indicate that a patient has Conn's syndrome are:

	Hypokalemia/hypotension
	None of the above
	Hypokalemia/hypertension
	Hyperkalemia/hypotension
	Hyperkalemia/hypertension

Question 46: "Buffalo hump" is a condition associate with which disease/condition?

	Some of the above
	Cushing's syndrome
	Addison's disease
	CAH
	None of the above

Question 47: Increased "freckling" and darkening of the skin can be a sign/symptom of:

	Addison's disease
	None of the above
	CAH w/ hypertension
	Cushing's disease
	Conn's syndrome

Question 48: The testosterone responsible for sperm maturation is mostly secreted by:

	Interstitial cells
	all of the above
	Sustentacular cells
	Leydig cells
	Some of the above

Question 49: In the male LH is called/named:

	MSH
	None of the above
	FSH
	LHRH
	ICSH

Question 50: The physiologic process by which oxygen goes from the alveoli to the blood stream is known as:

	None of the above
	Ventilation
	Respiration
	Diffusion
	Perfusion

Question 51: In addition to its role in the exchange of blood gases into an out of the air, the respiratory system is an important factor in/for:

	Systemic inflammation/repair
	Maintenance of acid-base equilibrium
	Cardiovascular hemodynamics
	Some of the above
	All of the above

Question 52: Among the causes of respiratory failure, one can include:

	An impairment of the ventilation/perfusion ratio
	Some of the above
	An impairment of diffusion
	All of the above
	An impairment of ventilation

Question 53: The best hypothesis as to the reason/cause of an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in an adult is:

	A sudden drop in blood pressur/blood flow in the pulmonary circulation
	An immunologic reaction
	Injury to the pulmonary microcirculation
	Depression in the brain stem
	None of the above

Question 54: Whatever the cause, the major problem in ARDS is:

	Atelectasis
	None of the above
	The increase in oxygen concentration in the alveoli
	A decrease in elasticity/compliance
	Thromboemboli in the pulmonary circulation

Question 55: SIDS is thought to result because of the loss of the major infant drive to respiration which is the:

	Hypercapnic drive
	Neurogenic drive
	Hypoxic drive
	Voluntary drive
	None of the above

Question 56: What is cor pulmonale?

	Pulmonary hypotension
	Right sided heart failure
	Chest pneumothorax (hole in the thoracic cavity)
	None of the above
	Mitral valve collapse

Question 57: The three characteristics of asthma include:

	Mucosal edema
	Increased mucous production
	Some of the above
	Bronchiolar hyper-reactivity
	All of the above

Question 58: For a proper diagnosis of extrinsic asthma, the cause should be a/an:

	Pollutant
	Antigen (allergy)
	None of the above
	Chemical/drug
	Emotional stress

Question 59: Receiving a "salty kiss" indicates that the other individual may suffer from:

	None of the above
	Sarcoidosis
	Extrinsic asthma
	Exercise-induced asthma
	Cystic fibrosis

Question 60: Silica dust (or chain silicates) is the causative agent for:

	"Black lung" disease in coal miners
	Silicosis
	Some of the above
	Asbestosis
	All of the above

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