Module 9: Complex Patterns of Inheritance

26 Questions - Developed by: - Developed on: 2018-11-20 - 2,078 taken

In this module, we consider modes of inheritance that are more complex than the simple Mendelian model that was explored in the previous module. We will look at traits involving incomplete dominance, more than two alleles per gene, codominance, and ones connected to the sex chromosomes. Solving genetics problems for each of these requires a different approach than we used for the autosomal genes that had just two alleles and expressed complete dominance.

1

In the snap dragon (flower), a cross between a homozygous parent with white flowers (CWCW) and a homozygous parent with red flowers (CRCR) will produce offspring with pink flowers (CRCW). This patter of inheritance is called what?

Incomplete dominance
Blending
Pedigree

2

According to the picture. What percentage chance does the child have of being CRCW?

50%
2 out of 1 chance
25% chance

3

What is codominance?

Per Mendel, there is no such thing as codominance. There is only a dominant and recessive allele.
Two alleles for a given characteristic that are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote.
It is a "blend" of two alleles. The alleles aren't actually "blending" they are both present and that causes it to look "blended".

4

The ABO blood-type system in humans is an example of what?

Incomplete Dominance
Genome
A multiple-allele system

5

If there are 3 alleles in the ABO blood-type system in humans, how many possible paired-combinations are there?

6 possible paired-combinations of the three different alleles.
3 possible paired-combinations of the three different alleles
4 possible paired-combinations of the three different alleles

6

Can you use blood type to determine paternity?

No, only DNA can be used.
You can, sort of. You can tell the possible blood type of the father, but you can't say exactly who that person is.
Yes, because the father and mother's blood type determines the child's blood type.

7

Suppose that a child is blood type O and his mother is type B. Can a man with blood type A be the father? (The woman has IBi blood type and the man has IAi).

No, Because they both have A and B in their blood types.
Yes, it is possible that the man could be the father.
Again, we can't say for certain whether he could be or not.

8

What is a universal recipient?

A person who receives all types of benefits from the government.
A person who can receive all types of blood types in a blood transfusion.
A person who has all of the receipts.

9

What is a universal donor?

A universal donor is a person who donates their money to science.
A universal donor is someone with type O blood that can donate blood to anyone needing a transfusion without causing harm to them.
A universal donor is someone who donates their organs.

10

People with type O blood can receive what types of blood?

Type O and AB blood
Only type O blood
Type A blood.

11

What blood type can a type A recipient not receive?

Type B and type AB blood
Type O blood
Type B blood

12

What blood type can type B recipients receive?

Type O and Type B blood.
Only type B blood
Only type O blood.

13

What blood type can type AB recipients not receive?

Type A blood.
Type B Blood.
AB recipients can receive all types.

14

What is an X-linked trait?

An X-linked trait determines the sex of a fetus
An X-linked trait is a trait that is carried by the X chromosome.
An X-linked trait is the chain of X chromosomes.

15

True or False: X-linked disorders affect males more often than females.

False, it only affects males because they have only one X chromosome
False, it only affects females because they have two X chromosomes.
True because males cannot be carriers.

16

Suppose that a woman is normal (does not have the disease), but a carrier for a recessive X-linked disease and a man is also normal (does not have the disease). Let's also suppose that we are talking about a disease controlled by a single gene with just two alleles, one of which is completely dominant (N) over the other one (n). What are the chances that they will have a son with the disease?

There is a 0% chance the son will have the expected disease because his father does not have the disease.
There is a 50% chance the son will have the expected disease.
There is a 100% chance the son will have the expected disease because males only have one x chromosome.

17

The occurrence of a trait, such as congenital deafness, can be best tracked over time by using what?

A family tree
A punnet square
A pedigree

18

Notice that Ruben is represented by a square that is completely filled in. That means that he expressed the recessive congenital deafness trait (he was deaf), so we can indicate his alleles as "dd." Isabelle, represented by an open circle, did not have congenital hearing loss.Both "DD" or "Dd" would stand for an individual that is not deaf, but given that we know that at least one of their children was born with congenital deafness, she must have had the deafness allele. Thus, her genotype must be "Dd," so we can fill in the "?" in the figure with a "d" allele. What are the chances that Ruben and Isabelle's children will be born deaf?

There is a 50% chance their children will be born deaf.
There is a 25% chance their children will be born deaf.
There is a 33% chance their children will be born deaf.

19

What is phenotypic plasticity?

The degree to which a phenotype is present.
The degree to which a phenotype is determined by your genotype or the environment.
The amount of plastic in the Earth's oceans.

20

If environmental factors have a strong influence, is the phenotypic plasticity high or low?

They are high because the phenotypic expression is highly variable because of the changing environment.
There are high because the phenotype is determined by the genotype.
They are low because the phenotype is not pastic

21

What is the genotype of a pink snapdragon flower?

CRCW
CWCW
CCWW

22

What is the genotype of a red snapdragon flower?

CRCR
CRCW
CWCW

23

Why can you not combine the genotypes CRCR and CRCW into one phenotypic ratio?

They do not code for the same phenotype. CRCR makes red flowers, whereas CRCW makes pink flowers.
The teacher said so.
Because this an X-linked trait so either their offspring has it or doesn't have it

24

What are the two genotypes that cause the type B phenotype?

Only IBIB
Only IBi
IBIB and IBi

25

What phenotype will be expressed in the heterozygote when it comes to the Rh factor?

R+H-
R-H+
Because inheritance of the Rh factor involves complete dominance and just two alleles (like Mendel's crosses), it will be Rh+.

26

When does the arctic fox produce the least amount of melanin?

It produces the least amount of pigment during the summer
It produces the least amount of pigment during the spring
It produces the least amount of pigment during the winter

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