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Neuroscience
Neuro Practice: Vision, Hearing, vestibular, oculomotor
41 Questions - Developed by:
Emilymae.stewart@gmail.com
- Developed on:
2017-03-20
- 1,882 taken
1
The cornea:
Is the location where the retinal ganglion cells leave the retina
Is the muscle of the iris that changes the size of the pupil
Is the region of the neural retina that has the highest acuity
Refracts light to focus an image on the retina
Is the outer layer of the retina that absorbs light and nurtures rods and cones
2
The ciliary body:
Is the location where the retinal ganglion cell axons leave the retina
Controls the shape of the lens
Refracts light to focus an image on the retina
Controls the size of the pupil
Absorbs stray light and nurtures rods and cones
3
The fovea:
Is the location where retinal ganglion cell axons leave the retina
Contains the muscles of the iris that change the size of the pupil
Is the outer layer of the retina that absorbs stray light and nurtures rods and cones
Refracts light to focus an image on the retina
Is a region of the neural retina that has the highest acuity because the inner cells of the retina are moved to the side, out of the line of sight.
4
The pigment epithelium:
Has the highest acuity because the inner cells of the retina are moved to the side, out of the line of sight
Is the outer layer of the retina that absorbs stray light and nurtures rods and cones
Refracts light to focus an image on the retina
Changes the shape of the lens
Is the location where retinal ganglion cell axons leave the retina
5
The optic disc is where the _______ axons leave the retina
Horizontal cell
Corneal ganglion cell
Bipolar cell
Retinal ganglion cell
6
Conversion from light to electric potential occurs in:
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Horizontal cells
Rods and cones
7
Bipolar cells synapse upon:
Ganglion cells
Amacrine cells
Horizontal cells
8
________ cells send their axons across the retina to the optic disc.
Ganglion
Horizontal
Bipolar
Amacrine
9
Which type of cells sharpen the image with lateral inhibition?
Amacrine
Horizontal
Ganglion and amacrine
Horizontal and amacrine
Ganglion
10
Rental axons are heavily myelinated as they cross the retina, so as to get the information from the retina to the brain as fast as possible.
False, they don't cross the retina
True
False, they are unmyelinated
11
A large multiple sclerosis plaque in an optic nerve would most likely result in:
Loss of vision in a lower quadrant of visual field
Loss of vision in the entire contralateral field
Loss of vision in one eye
Loss of foveal retina in both eyes
Loss of vision in an upper quadrant of visual field
12
An occipital lobe lesion is most likely to result in:
Loss of vision in one eye
Loss of vision in 1/2 of the visual field of both eyes (vertically split)
Loss of vision in a quadrant of the visual field of both eyes
Loss of vision in the foveal retina of both eyes
13
20-fold amplification of sound conduction is achieved by:
The pinna of the ear
The round window in the wall of the inner ear
Tensor tympani and stapedius muscles of middle ear
Auditory ossicles of middle ear
Tympanic membrane
14
What is the function of tensor tympani and stapedius muscles?
Increase the efficiency of ossicles in the middle ear at conducting sound
Engage to compress the walls of the middle ear to increase pressure on endolymph
Engage to pull the walls of the middle ear away and decrease pressure on endolymph
Make the ossicles less efficient at conducting sound if sound is too great ( protection mechanism)
15
The round window is:
Covered by the ear drum
Attached to the stapes footplate
A membrane covered opening between the cochlea and the middle ear that allows fluid to move
Attached to tensor tympani
16
Loss of hair cells at the apex of the cochlea would be most likely to result in:
Sensitivity to low pitched sounds
Deafness to low pitched sounds
Sensitivity to high pitched sounds
Deafness to high pitched sounds
17
Loss of hair cells in the base of the cochlea is most likely to result in:
Deafness to low pitched sounds
Deafness to high pitched sounds
Sensitivity to low pitched sounds
Sensitivity to high pitched sounds
18
Damage to the facial or trigeminal nerve on one side may result in:
Deafness to low pitched sounds on side of injury
Deafness to high pitched sounds on side of injury
General deafness on side of injury
Sounds being excessively loud on side of injury
19
Loss of any awareness of sound, but an ability to react reflexively to sounds is most likely due to:
Loss of connections in the pontine and mesencephalic tegmentum
Damage to right posterior superior temporal and inferior parietal cortex
Damage to right thalamus
Damage to primary auditory cortex
20
A patient presents with a peculiar hearing deficit in that they respond to people sitting on their right side, but not to people sitting on their left side. Where are you going to expect to find the source of the problem?
Loss of connections in the pontine and mesencephalic tegmenjtum
Damage to left ear
Damage to the left posterior superior temporal and inferior parietal cortex
Damage to the right posterior superior temporal and inferior parietal cortex
Damage to primary auditory cortex
21
Movement of the stereo cilia on a hair cell towards the _________ cause an _________ in the membrane potential of the hair cell
Kinocilium, increase
Macula, decrease
Gelatinous membrane, decrease
Semicircular canal, decrease
22
The hair cells in the crust ampullae of a semicircular canal are all oriented:
In the same direction
...
In alternating opposing directions
23
Which structure matches best: Any movement of the head will stimulate hair cells in at least one of the ______. The movements that are most effective are acceleration in a straight line, such as accelerating in a car or the pull of gravity.
Ampullae
Maculae
Semicircular canals
Cupola
24
The vestibular nuclei lie ________to the inferior cerebellar peduncle and extend from the rostral medulla to the _______.
Lateral, rostral pons
Medial, rostral pons
Lateral, rostral midbrain
Lateral, anterior midbrain
Medial, rostral midbrain
25
Vestibular nuclei project to and receive from:
The cerebellum
The occipital lobe
The auditory nerve
The lateral border of palmaris longus
26
There is a direct projection of cerebellar purkinje cells into ____________.
Vestibular nuclei
Vestibulospinal tracts
The cervical spinal cord
27
The lateral vestibulospinal tract projects to neurons along the full length of the spinal cord
...
True
False
28
Which of the following is most likely related to problems staying balanced with rapid head movements?
Loss in optokinetic reflex
Loss in vestibulo-ocular reflex
Loss of proprioception from joint receptors in neck
29
Trouble staying balanced when moving the head slowly would most likely indicate:
Loss of proprioceptive information from cervical spine joints
Loss of optokinetic reflex
Loss of vestibule-ocular reflex
30
Superior rectus is innervated by:
Abducens nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear never
31
Inferior oblique is innervated by:
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
32
Medial rectus is innervated by:
Oculomotor nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
33
Lateral rectus is innervated by
Abducens nerve
Trochlear nerve
Oculomotor nerve
34
The trochlear nerve innervates:
Superior rectus
Lateral rectus
Inferior oblique
Medial rectus
Superior oblique
35
The inferior rectus is innervated by:
Oculomotor nerve
Abducens nerve
Trochlear nerve
36
The movement of the eyes when reading or scanning the immediate environment is called:
Smooth pursuit
Saccade
Optokinetic reflex
Vestibule-ocular reflex
Divergent eye movements
37
Which of the following would one use to watch a bird in flight, at some distance?
Vestibulo-ocular reflex
Scanning saccades
Divergent eye movements
Optokinetic reflex
Smooth pursuit
38
A patient finds it difficult to saccade from side to side, but retains the ability to look up and down. If her head is rotated to the left, then her eyes move to the right and, if her head is rotated to the right, her eyes move to the left. She can accurately fixate upon a visual target and follow its movements as long as it moves vertically. Which of the following locations is most apt to the site of the problem?
Vestibular nuclei
Paramedian pontine reticular formation rostral to abducens nucleus
Abducens nucleus
Flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum
39
A patient is unable to look toward her right (with her eyes). What is likely the problem?
Lesion of the abducens nerve on the right
Lesion of the abducens nerve on the left
Lesion of the oculomotor nerve
Lesion of the trochlear never on the right
Lesion of the trochlear nerve on the left
40
Deficits in visual tracking and oculomotor control (such as nystagmus and vertigo), integration of vestibular information for eye and head control, as well as control of axial muscles for balance are related to a lesion where?
The abducens nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
Flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum
41
The simultaneous outward movement of both eyes away from each other, usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision when viewing an object is called:
Smooth pursuit
Scanning saccades
Optokinetic reflex
Saccades
Divergent eye movements
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