ITI

A wiki is a type of website that allows the visitors themselves to easily add,
remove and otherwise edit and change some available content, sometimes
without the need for registration. This ease of interaction and operation
makes a wiki an effective tool for collaborative authoring. The term wiki can
also refer to the collaborative software it'self (wiki engine) that facilitates the
operation of such a website, or to certain specific wiki sites, including the
computer science site (an original wiki),

It is an effort to make information open and accessible to all.
• The movement traces it's history to Richard Stallman’s idea – “Information is
free.”
• The movement took a big leap when Linus Torvalds developed Linux, a free
alternative to Microsoft’s operating systems and Unix

Comprehensive written compilations that contain information on all branches
of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge (source: Wikipedia), e.g.,
Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine and Nursing

Those who are vehemently against technology are referred to

Optimistic view-Bush might be consider this

Pessimistic view

• It described “collaborative hypertext” for the first time (Morville, 2005, p. 34).
• It focused on individual use with private files and the precursor to the
digitized library.
• It predicted the ability to sit at a desktop, find resource materials in
researching a topic (the English long bow), project them on a screen, the
ability to analyze them and add comments of one’s own.
• The Memex is generally considered to be the prototype for the World Wide
Web.

• Develop reliable knowledge about IT and social change based on
systematic empirical research
• Inform public policy debates, design, use, configuration, education and
training
• Intelligently address misplaced hopes about IT
• Understand social relations e.g.. trust, power, transformation, etc.
• Adds value – performance / outcomes of work place

• People in various roles and relationships with each other and with other
system elements
• Hardware (computer mainframes, workstations, peripherals,
telecommunications equipment)
• Software (operating systems, utilities and application programs)
• Techniques and processes (management science models, voting schemes)
• Support resources (training/support/help)
Information structures (content and content providers,
rules/norms/regulations, such as those that authorize people to use systems
and information in specific ways, access controls)

The relationship between productivity and the investment in ICTs showed no
real cause and effect.
Do you think ICTs bring better productivity to your own work or in your
workplace?

Information literacy
• Wayfinding interfaces are ways to find what?

• Make products cheaper
• Ambient devices
• Public services (e.g., libraries)
Improves?

• competence
• trustworthiness
• reliable reputation
• intrinsic plausibility of claims
• repeated plausibility
• credibility
• charismatic authority

People primarily depend on others for ideas as well as for information outside the
range of direct experience. Much of what they think of the world is what they have
gained second-hand.

The concept of cognitive authority is a phrase popularized by Patrick Wilson (an
information scientist, not the movie star). Wilson, Patrick. (1983). Second-hand
knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Businesses may
achieve sales through selling small volumes of hard-to-find items to many
customers, instead of only selling large volumes of a reduced number of popular
items

Know where you are (start)
• Know destination
• Following best route to destination
• Recognizing your destination
• Finding way back

Sphere of human thought from Teilhard de Chardin.

Responding to change through use of (tacitly held) acquired knowledge.

The importance of context when installing new systems in the workplace (i.e., the
context-free “problem”).

Design or graphics
• Navigation
• Links and other tools
• Currency
• Breadth or depth of information
• Authority – the concept of “cognitive authority” is particularly important to
the quality of a website and it's information

What factors do researchers agree should be used in judging the?

There are Components of what?
What information am I looking for?
Where will I find the Information?
How will I get there?
How good is the Information
How will I ethically use the Information?

“A set of abilities requiring individuals to recognize when information is
needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the
needed information.”

This factor center on?
• Understanding the impact technology has on people.
• The development of new uses for technology.
• The application of information technology in the context of another field.
• Informatics is the interdisciplinary study of the design, application, use
and impacts of information technology.

Creative process involving human ingenuity
• Craftsman, engineers… others using tools, machines and knowledge to
create and control the human-build world
• Importance of systems, controls and information
• Practical, useful arts

Use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store,
protect, process and transmit and retrieve information, securely.
Includes functions of…
• Data management
• Networking
• Database design and management
• Software design
• Management information systems

A vast, uncontrolled but standards-compliant network of computers (and the
network it'self with routers, hubs, edge switches, LANs, WANs, MANs and so
on) that is available almost anywhere in the world. Basically, when you sign
on to the Internet, you become a part of it.

A collection of online “documents” on Internet servers worldwide. World
Wide Web documents are written in HTML. In order to use the World Wide
Web, you must have a World Wide Web browser.
NOTE: Tim Berners-Lee is usually credited for inventing the World Wide
Web.

A body of research that examines the social aspects of computerization. 189:103 Midterm Exam Review 2
“The interdisciplinary study of the design, uses, and consequences of
information and communication technologies (ICTs) that takes into account
their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts” (Kling, 2000,
Learning about information technologies and social change:

String of identified but unevaluated symbols; we said descriptive but
unstructured, un-purposed.

Evaluated, validated, or useful data; we said purposed,
structured.

Information in the context of understanding; we said allowing
action or capacity for action.
“Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual
information, and expert insight that provides a framework for
evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. It
originates and is applied in the minds of knowers. In organizations,
it often becomes embedded not only in documents or repositories
but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and
norms.”
Tacit
Explicit

Design of shared information environments
• Practice of organizing and identifying websites, documents and other web
resources to allow usability and findability
• Structured process for applying design principles
Elements of…
Organizing
Labeling
Navigating
Searching

Involves developing a broad
understanding of the business strategies and user needs, before defining
the high level structure of site, and finally the detailed relationships between
content.

E involves understanding the detailed
relationships between content, creating walkthroughs (or storyboards) to
show how the system could support specific user requirements and then
considering the higher level structure that will be required to support these
requirements.

A weblog (usually shortened to blog) is a web-based publication consisting
primarily of periodic articles (normally in reverse chronological order).
Manually updated and tools to automate the maintenance of such sites
make them accessible to a much larger population. Range in scope from
individual diaries to political campaigns, media programs, corps. and orgs.
(from Wikipedia).

Is the study of how human beings interact
with computers.

Designing for the web:
• You are not the user
• The experience is the brand
• You can’t control the experience

Difficulties arise with what?
• Ambiguity of language
• Implied effort
• Who you’re buying for
• Timeliness
• Privacy

“Web of social relationships that influences individual behavior and thereby
affects economic growth” and/or organizational effectiveness and
competitiveness.”

Nardi names three dimensions of connection:
- Feelings of connection between people promoted by touch,
eating and drinking, sharing experiences, informal conversation

Nardi names three dimensions of connection:
Engagement denoting scope for on-going communication
for projects of mutual interest.

Nardi names three dimensions of connection:
Locating recipient, attaining attention through eye gaze or
verbal exchange; and negotiating