Sociology Test 3 Review 3

A stratification system in which equality of opportunity allows people to rise or fall to a position that matches their talent and effort

They oppose special treatment for any group

Argue less privileged students benefit from the money brought in through legacy and development admissions

Argue that they should not have to pay for wrongs committed as long as 300 years ago

Argue it compensates for historical injustices such as slavery and expulsion

Refers to number of years of school students complete

Refers to how much students actually learn

Stresses the training role of schools

Argue that schools distribute the benefits of education unequally, allocating most of the benefits to children from upper class and higher status racial and ethnic groups

T/F: Apart from the distribution of educational resources, the kind of students who attend schools and the quality of its teachers influence the quality of education

Involves sorting students into high ability, middle ability, and low ability classes based on the results of IQ and other tests

These affect IQ tests

IQ is...

T/F: There are no culturally biased items found in the SAT and ACT

Examine the social composition of the student body in community college and find a somewhat disproportionate number of students from lower socioeconomic strata and minority ethnic groups

Deny that the growth of community colleges increases upward mobility and equality in American society

Conflict theorists argue that community colleges ______ prevailing patterns of social and class inequality by directing students from disadvantaged backgrounds away from four year institutions and thus decreasing the probability that they will earn a four year degree and a high status position in society.

T/F: Community colleges do not change the overall pattern of inequality in American society

In some respects, ___ are doing better than ___ in the American education system. However, ____ earn more science/math degrees and PhDs than ____ do.

Refers to the harmful impact of negative stereotypes on the school performance of disadvantaged groups

Refers to widely shared, high status cultural signals used for social and cultural exclusion

Sociologists factor what for mass schooling?

Spurred popular literacy and the rise of mass education via religion

The percentage of African Americans increased more than 4.5 times during the Brown v. Board of Education ruling

Officials correctly viewed education as an instrument for instilling loyalty and teaching young people a common national language, identity, and values. Also another component to promote compulsory mass education was industrialization.

Transnational corporations require a more literate and highly educated world population to do business.

Refers to the fact that it takes ever more certificates and diplomas to qualify for a given job

Takes place when members of an occupation insist that people earn certain credentials to enter the occupation. Ensures standards and keeps professional earnings high.

Proposals to improve schools include:

Includes the mentoring movement and challenging minority students, giving them emotional support and encouragement, preparing a curriculum that gives more recognition to the accomplishments of their group, and creating an environment in which they can relax and achieve.

Local initiatives and redistributing and increasing school budges has been met only with limited success. Instead, local school reform initiatives need to be augmented by policies that improve the social environment of young, disadvantaged students ______ school